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GLOSSARY

Insurance terms, in plain English

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This glossary defines the terms that appear on a declarations page, a certificate of insurance and a quote comparison, in a sentence or two each. Every entry links to the guide or match page that goes deeper, and the wallet uses the same definitions when it explains a policy.

Reviewed by Michael LaBarbera, Licensed property & casualty agent, Provident Financial Group · Reviewed Oct 11, 2026 Updated
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Additional insured
A person or company added to your liability policy by endorsement so that it can make a claim under your policy for losses connected to your work or premises. Created by an endorsement, not by a certificate.
Aggregate limit
The most a policy will pay for all claims in the policy year. Contracts often require a $2M general aggregate.
Actual cash value
Replacement cost minus depreciation. A valuation basis for property; cheaper to insure, less at claim time.
Audit
The carrier's review of actual payroll or sales after the policy year on workers' compensation and some liability policies, which adjusts the final premium up or down.
Binder
The carrier's written confirmation that coverage is in force before the policy documents are issued.
Blanket endorsement
An endorsement that applies automatically to anyone your written contract requires — for example blanket additional insured or blanket waiver of subrogation — instead of naming each party.
Broker of record (BOR) letter
A letter from the insured to the carrier appointing a new agent to service an existing policy. The policy, carrier and premium do not change.
Business income
Property coverage that replaces revenue and continuing expenses while the business cannot operate after a covered loss.
Business owner's policy (BOP)
A package combining general liability, property and business income for eligible small businesses.
Certificate holder
The party a certificate of insurance is addressed to. Receiving a certificate gives information, not coverage.
Certificate of insurance (COI)
A summary of the policies in force on the date issued. A live certificate is a link that stays current instead.
Claims-made
A policy that covers claims first made during the policy period for work done after the retroactive date; common for professional, cyber and employment practices liability.
Coinsurance
A property policy requirement to insure to a stated share of full value; insuring below it reduces partial-loss payments proportionally.
Combined single limit
One liability limit covering bodily injury and property damage together, usual on commercial auto and umbrella policies.
Declarations page
The front page of a policy: named insured, policy number, term, premium, limits and the forms attached.
Deductible
The amount you pay toward a claim before the carrier pays. On professional and cyber policies the same idea is called a retention.
Employers' liability
Part Two of a workers' compensation policy: covers employee injury claims that fall outside the statutory benefits, with three limits that contracts often set at $1M.
Endorsement
A form that changes the policy — adding a party, a coverage or a condition. Endorsements, not certificates, create rights.
Experience modification rate
A factor comparing your workers' compensation claims to similar businesses; above 1.00 raises the premium, below lowers it.
Gap
In the wallet, a missing line, a limit below a contract requirement, an unmet requirement, or an approaching expiration.
Garagekeepers
Coverage for customers' vehicles while in an auto business's care, custody or control.
Hired and non-owned auto
Liability coverage for vehicles your business does not own — rentals and employees' personal cars used for work.
Inland marine
Coverage for property that moves or sits away from the premises: tools, equipment, materials in transit or on a job site.
Named insured
The business the policy is issued to, as written on the declarations page.
Occurrence limit
The most a liability policy pays for one incident. Contracts often require $1M.
Primary and non-contributory
Wording that makes your liability policy pay first, without asking the other party's insurer to share, for claims involving the party you contracted with.
Replacement cost
A valuation basis that pays to replace property with new, without deduction for depreciation.
Retention
The deductible on a claims-made policy; often applies to defence costs as well as settlements.
Retroactive date
On a claims-made policy, the earliest date of work the policy covers. Match it when you switch carriers.
Servicing agent
The agency that handles a policy day to day — certificates, changes, renewals — and that the carrier pays. Changed by a broker of record letter.
Subjectivity
A condition a carrier attaches to a quote or binder that must be met for coverage to continue, such as a signed form or an inspection.
Umbrella / excess
A policy that adds a limit above general liability, auto and employers' liability once those limits are exhausted.
Waiver of subrogation
An endorsement in which your insurer agrees not to recover a paid claim from a named party, such as a landlord or general contractor.

How to use this page

Each term is defined the way CoverMatch uses it in the wallet, in the comparison grid and on live certificates. Where a term has a guide of its own — additional insured, waiver of subrogation, primary and non-contributory, premium audits — the related links take you there. The definitions avoid carrier-specific wording; your policy forms control.

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